SIQUEIRA BOCCOLINI, Cristiano; LAZARO DE CARVALHO, Márcia; COUTO DE OLIVEIRA, Maria Inês    DE MORAES MELLO BOCCOLINI, Patricia. Breastfeeding can prevent hospitalization for pneumonia among children under 1 year old. []. , 52, 2, pp.110-116. ISSN 1024-0675.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and hospitalization for pneumonia among children under 1 year old. Methods: Ecological study using secondary data of hospitalizations for pneumonia (outcome) and breastfeeding prevalence data (exposure) among children under 1 year old living in the Brazilian state capital cities and the Federal District in 2008. A negative binomial model of hospitalization was used to estimate the rate ratio (95% confidence interval), adjusted according to the Gini Index, and the prevalence rates of smokers in the general population and low birth weight individuals in the population investigated. Results: Breastfeeding prevalence among children between 9 and 12 months old and exclusive breastfeeding prevalence among children under 6 months old were associated with a lower rate ratio of hospitalization for pneumonia (RR = 0.62; 95%CI 0.51-0.74 and RR = 0.52; 95%CI 0.39-0.69, respectively). Conclusion: Increased prevalence rates of breastfeeding during the first year of life and exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life can reduce the number of hospitalizations for pneumonia.

: Breastfeeding; hospitalization; pneumonia.

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