Abstract

SANCHEZ ZAMBRANO, Ana Gabriela; ORELLANA BRAVO, Paola  and  ANDRADE TACURI, Carlos. Epidemiological surveillance of Staphylococcus aureus and the antibiotic resistence in nosocomial environments. Vive Rev. Salud [online]. 2022, vol.5, n.13, pp.233-244.  Epub May 27, 2022. ISSN 2664-3243.  https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v5i13.144.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important microorganisms related to Health Care Associated Infections (HCAI), it is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, highly resistant to the outer environment. Objective. Identify Staphylococcus aureus and its resistance to the most common beta-lactam antibiotics in isolated, inert areas. Materials and methods. Phenotypic analysis, antibiogram and molecular testing such as: DNA extraction by Alkaline Lysis, molecular identification for the amplification of genes both for identification of Staphylococcus aureus (nucA and femB), and for antibiotic resistance (blah, mega and vanA) by PCR, the disassociation of the amplicons was preforming by Agarose gel electrophoresis and results were shown in a UV translluminator. Results. From the 200 samples taken, two showed positive (1%) for Staphylococcus aureus, with 100% penicillin-resistant and sensitive to all other antibiotics tested. Conclusions. Nowadays identification of the bacteria and its resistance is carried out mostly through molecular testing, ruling out phenotypic identification, which in this case it determined important results such as the positive D-test. Resistance to beta-lactam drugs is considered a serious health issue, therefore it requires a safer epidemiological vigilance, an increase in sensitivity testing and the accuracy of results. It is recommended to carry out the D-test in laboratories to identify resistance mechanisms and to guide health personnel to select the best option regarding specific and effective treatment for patients affected with MRSA.

Keywords : Staphylococcus aureus; IAAS; nucA; femB, blaZ, mecA, vanA, genes, electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction.

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