Resumen

CONDORI TARQUI, Ariel  y  MARTINEZ FLORES, Zenon. Physical and chemical treatments in the germination of seeds of native species of the Altiplano. RIIARn [online]. 2020, vol.7, n.2, pp.46-57. ISSN 2409-1618.

Abstract The seeds of native species of the highlands: Adesmia spinosissima (ADES), Hordeum muticum (HOMU), Bromus catharticus (BROCA), Trifolium amabile (TRIAM) and Stipa regidiseta (STIRE), potentially latent, and of unknown germination, produce a variability of food for highland cattle in the highlands, but for its cultivation and management are necessary studies on seed treatments. Four physical treatments: moderate heating (T1), boiling water (T2), low extreme temperature (T3) and scarification with sandpaper (T4); and four chemical treatments: soaking in ethyl alcohol (T5), oxygenated water (T6), immersion in vinegar(T7) and washing with spongeandsoap (T8), wereapplied in order to determine their effect on germination and other associated values: emergence (%); plant height (cm); number of leaves and root length (cm) 60 days after sowing. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design, the means were compared by Duncan. And the groups of treatment vs. control means by orthogonal contrasts. In addition, the following were determined: germination, moisture content (%); seed quantity; purity (%) and cultural value (%) in untreated seeds. The germination averages 78, 88 and 61 % obtained with (T1), were higher than the values 53, 64 and 56 %, obtained without applying treatments, corresponding to ADES, BROCA and HOMU respectively. The highest purity 93 % correspond to: HOMU and TRIAM, and to BROCA 92 %, were higher than 77 % of ADES. All treatments, and orthogonal contrasts physical vs. chemical treatments; affected (p<0.01) only ADES, BROCA and HOMU, but none of the control vs. treatments comparisons (p>0.01). The high percentages of germination in the species cebadilla and cola de ratón stand out, so it is possible to cultivate them after adjusting the cultural value.

Palabras clave : Native seeds; germination; dormancy; cultural value.

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